I. What is Nano-filtration? Nano-filtration is a filtration process that falls between reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration in terms of the size of particles it can remove. It is a membrane-based filtration technology that uses a semi-permeable membrane to separate particles based on their size. Nano-filtration membranes have a pore size between 1-10 nanometers, allowing them … Read more
I. What is Yeast Flocculation? Yeast flocculation is a process in which yeast cells clump together and settle out of suspension in a liquid. This natural phenomenon occurs during the fermentation process and is crucial in brewing as it helps to clarify the beer and improve its overall quality. Flocculation is influenced by various factors … Read more
I. What is Heat Exchange? Heat exchange is the process of transferring heat from one fluid to another fluid without the fluids coming into direct contact with each other. This is typically achieved through the use of a heat exchanger, which is a device designed to efficiently transfer heat between two or more fluids. Heat … Read more
I. What are Immobilized Yeast Cells? Immobilized yeast cells refer to yeast cells that are trapped or confined in a matrix or support material, preventing them from freely moving around in a liquid medium. This immobilization process allows the yeast cells to remain in a specific location while still carrying out their metabolic functions, such … Read more
I. What are antioxidants? Antioxidants are molecules that inhibit the oxidation of other molecules. Oxidation is a chemical reaction that can produce free radicals, leading to chain reactions that may damage cells. Antioxidants terminate these chain reactions by removing free radical intermediates and inhibit other oxidation reactions. In the context of brewing, antioxidants play a … Read more
I. What is a Bioreactor? A bioreactor is a vessel or container used in the field of biotechnology to carry out a biological process. It provides a controlled environment for the growth of microorganisms or cells to produce specific products such as enzymes, antibodies, or biofuels. Bioreactors are commonly used in industries such as pharmaceuticals, … Read more
I. What is foam stability in beer? Foam stability in beer refers to the ability of the foam or head on a beer to maintain its structure and presence over time. A beer with good foam stability will have a thick, creamy head that lingers on the surface of the beer after pouring. Foam stability … Read more
I. What is Alkalinity? Alkalinity refers to the ability of a solution to neutralize acids. In the context of brewing, alkalinity is a measure of the buffering capacity of water or wort, which is the liquid extracted from malted grains during the brewing process. Alkalinity is typically expressed in terms of bicarbonate ions (HCO3-) and … Read more
I. What is Plasmolysis? Plasmolysis is a process that occurs in plant cells when they are exposed to a hypertonic solution, causing the cell membrane to shrink away from the cell wall. This happens because the water inside the cell moves outwards towards the higher concentration of solutes outside the cell, leading to a decrease … Read more
I. What are Nucleation Sites? Nucleation sites are microscopic imperfections or irregularities on the surface of a material where bubbles can form and grow. In the context of beer, nucleation sites play a crucial role in the formation of bubbles, or carbonation, in the liquid. When a beer is poured into a glass, the nucleation … Read more